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Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
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If you patients' skin is exposed to urine and/or faeces this will have a negative impact on skin integrity;
- Moisture makes the skin more vulnerable to friction which could lead to moisture associated skin damage and abrasion. Urine may also decrease tissue tolerance to friction, shear or pressure
- Altered pH of skin potentially promotes pathogenic growth
- Faecal enzymes can cause direct damage to skin
- The combination of chemical (traditional soap) and physical (washing) irritation results in a weakened skin status1,3,11
Optimal skin care for your patients
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Healthy skin needs protecting. Skin provides protection from mechanical impacts, pressure, variations in temperature, micro-organisms and irritants. The natural ageing process decreases the skin's ability to protect against such impacts.
Chronic diseases are more common in an increasingly elderly population, and are more likely to co-exist with two other problems:
- Increased burden of care due to bed bound patients needing bed bathing
- Incontinence related to chronic diseases, which in turn could lead to Incontinence Associated Dermatitis
An ageing population
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Increase in the population aged 85 years and older, from 14 million to 40 million
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Projected increase in the population aged 65 and over, from 129 million in 2010 to 224 million by 2050
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Percentage of people aged 85 or older have some degree of cognitive decline. The risk of dementia rises sharply with age
Three simple steps to reduce IAD
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The three simple and recommended steps to prevent IAD are:
- Cleanse the skin
- Moisturise the skin daily and as needed to replace lost lipids in the upper layers of the skin
- Protect the skin by applying a moisture barrier cream or spray if the patient has significant urinary or faecal incontinence (or both).1, 4, 13
Considering the evidence that suggests an association between IAD, its most important aetioogical factors and Pressure Ulcers, continence care management should be performed comprising these three steps.
If you’re looking for practical guidance on how to assess, prevent and manage IAD, then look no further than the Best Practice Principles document published by Wounds International. Just visit the Wounds International website to download your free copy.
Link between Pressure Ulcers and IAD
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A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify the association between incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD), its most important aetiologic factors (incontinence and moisture), and pressure ulcers (PUs). In most studies (86%), a significant association between variables of interest was found. This evidence indicates an association between IAD, its most important aetiological factors, and PUs.12
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